how are the watermarks on a genuine banknote made

Watermarks are one of the most important security features on banknotes. They are used to prevent counterfeiting and ensure that the banknote is genuine. But how are these watermarks made?

According to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, the government agency responsible for producing U.S. currency, watermarks are created during the papermaking process. The paper used for banknotes is made from a blend of cotton and linen fibers, which gives it a unique texture and durability.

During the papermaking process, a wire mesh screen is used to create a pattern on the paper. This pattern is created by using a dandy roll, which is a cylinder covered in a wire mesh screen. The dandy roll is pressed onto the paper as it passes through the papermaking machine, creating a watermark pattern.

The pattern created by the dandy roll is made up of thin lines and spaces. These lines and spaces are created by the wire mesh screen on the dandy roll. The areas where the wire mesh screen is present create the lines, while the areas where the wire mesh screen is absent create the spaces.

The resulting watermark is visible when the banknote is held up to the light. The watermark appears as a lighter area on the paper, with the pattern of lines and spaces clearly visible. This makes it easy to identify a genuine banknote from a counterfeit one.

In addition to watermarks, banknotes also feature other security features such as security threads, microprinting, and color-shifting ink. These features work together to make it difficult for counterfeiters to replicate a genuine banknote.

In conclusion, watermarks on banknotes are created during the papermaking process using a wire mesh screen called a dandy roll. The resulting pattern of lines and spaces is visible when the banknote is held up to the light, making it easy to identify a genuine banknote from a counterfeit one.